Itandukaniro hagati ya BL na HBL

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya fagitire nyir'ubwato bwo kwishyuza n'inzira yo mu nyanja yo gupakira?
Inyemezabuguzi ya nyir'ubwato yerekana fagitire yo mu nyanja (Master B / L, nanone yitwa master bill, fagitire yo mu nyanja, yitwa M bill) yatanzwe na sosiyete itwara abantu.Irashobora guhabwa nyiri imizigo itaziguye (uwutwara ibicuruzwa ntatanga fagitire yinguzanyo muri iki gihe), cyangwa irashobora guhabwa ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa.(Muri iki gihe, uwutwara ibicuruzwa yohereza fagitire yo kwikorera nyir'imizigo itaziguye).
Umushinga wo gutwara ibicuruzwa (Inzu B / L, nanone bita sub-bill of lading, bita H bill), tuvugishije ukuri, ugomba kuba ubwato butwara ubwato busanzwe butwara abantu (abatwara ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa mbere, Ubushinwa bwatangiye ibyangombwa bijyanye Icyemezo mu 2002, kandi utwara ibicuruzwa agomba kubigeza kuri banki yagenwe na Minisiteri y’ubwikorezi Inguzanyo isabwa kwemezwa) Umushinga w’inguzanyo ni fagitire y’inguzanyo yatanzwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa wemejwe na Minisiteri ya Ubwikorezi kandi yabonye impamyabumenyi ya NVOCC (Non-ubwato ikora ibintu bisanzwe).Ubusanzwe ihabwa nyir'imizigo itaziguye;rimwe na rimwe urungano rusaba fagitire yinguzanyo, kandi fagitire yinguzanyo ihabwa Urungano ruzatanga fagitire yimitungo nyirubwite.Muri iki gihe, muri rusange hari ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika.

Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya fagitire ya nyirubwato hamwe nu fagitire yo mu nyanja ni:
ContentsIbikubiye mu nkingi z’abatwara ibicuruzwa n’abatumiza ku fagitire y’imizigo biratandukanye: uwatwaye fagitire y’abatwara ibicuruzwa ni byoherezwa mu mahanga (nyir'imizigo itaziguye), kandi uwahawe ibicuruzwa muri rusange yuzuza inkingi imwe y'inoti yoherejwe muri ukurikije ibiteganijwe mu ibaruwa yinguzanyo, mubisanzwe Gutumiza;kandi Iyo itegeko rya M ryatanzwe kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Ubwato bwuzuza ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kandi uwahawe ibicuruzwa yuzuza inoti yoherejwe akurikije ibirimo;iyo itegeko rya M ryahawe uwatumije ibicuruzwa, Ubwato bwuzuza ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa, naho uwahawe ibicuruzwa akuzuza umukozi ushinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa ku cyambu.abantu.
ProceduresUburyo bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cyerekezo buratandukanye: mugihe ufite itegeko rya M, urashobora guhita ujya mubiro bishinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa ku cyambu ugana kugirango uhindure fagitire yatumijwe mu mahanga.Inzira iroroshye kandi yihuse, kandi ikiguzi kiragereranijwe kandi gihenze;mugihe abafite gahunda ya H bagomba kujya kubatwara ibicuruzwa ku cyambu berekeza kugirango babigurane.Gusa hamwe na M ushobora kubona fagitire yimizigo hanyuma ukanyura muri gasutamo no gufata inzira.Igiciro cyo guhindura ibicuruzwa kirazimvye kandi ntigisanzwe, kandi kigenwa rwose nuhereza ibicuruzwa ku cyambu.
Bill Umushinga w'itegeko M, nk'inzira yo mu nyanja, nicyemezo cyibanze kandi cyukuri cyumutungo.Isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa izageza ibicuruzwa kuboherejwe byerekanwe kuri fagitire ya M ku cyambu.Niba ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bibonye H, bivuze ko kugenzura nyabyo ibicuruzwa byoherejwe biri mu maboko y’abatwara ibicuruzwa (muri iki gihe, uwahawe ibicuruzwa M ni umukozi w’icyambu cyohereza ibicuruzwa).Niba isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa ihombye, uwatumije ibicuruzwa hanze (uwatumije mu mahanga) azaba Umucuruzi) ntashobora gufata ibicuruzwa mu isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa hamwe na H-fagitire.
OrKu bicuruzwa byuzuye byuzuye, ibicuruzwa M na H birashobora gutangwa, mugihe kubicuruzwa bya LCL, H byonyine bishobora gutangwa.Kubera ko isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa itazafasha nyir'imizigo guhuza kontineri, nta nubwo izafasha nyir'imizigo kugabana ibicuruzwa ku cyambu.
Umubare wa B / L umubare rusange wo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri rusange ntabwo winjira muri sisitemu yo gucunga ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, kandi bitandukanye na fagitire yerekana umubare w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga;nimero ya B / L ya nyiri imizigo ifite izina nuburyo bwo kuvugana nisosiyete isimbura, ariko isosiyete itumanaho ntabwo ari sosiyete itwara Port nkabakozi bo hanze cyangwa Sinotrans.

Inzira ya BL na HBL:
HipShipper yohereza inyandiko yoherejwe kuri Forwarder, yerekana niba ari agasanduku kuzuye cyangwa LCL;
②Uhereza ibitabo umwanya hamwe na sosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa.Ubwato bumaze kwinjira, isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa itanga MBL kubohereza.MBL's Shipper ni Iterambere ku cyambu cyo guhaguruka, kandi Cnee muri rusange ni ishami rya Forwarder cyangwa umukozi ku cyambu;
WardUmushoramari asinyira HBL kuri Shipper, Ubwato bwa HAL ni nyir'ibicuruzwa nyabyo, kandi Cnee ubusanzwe akora ibaruwa y'inguzanyo Kuri Gutegeka;
RierCarrier itwara ibicuruzwa ku cyambu iyo ubwato bumaze kugenda;
⑤Umutumwa wohereje MBL ku ishami ry’icyambu yerekeza kuri DHL / UPS / TNT, n'ibindi (Harimo: Inyandiko zerekana neza)
⑥Nyuma Shipper ibonye fagitire yinguzanyo, azashyikiriza fagitire muri banki yumushyikirano imbere kandi akemure ivunjisha mugihe cyo kwerekana fagitire.Niba T / T Shipper yohereje ibyangombwa kubakiriya babanyamahanga;
BankBanki yumushyikirano izakemura amadovize na banki itanga ibyangombwa byuzuye;
OnsUmukiriya yishyura banki yo gutanga itegeko ryo gucungura;
ForwardUwohereza ibicuruzwa ku cyerekezo yerekeza ajyana MBL mu isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bahindure itegeko ryo gufata ibicuruzwa na gasutamo isobanutse;
Umukoresha afata HBL gufata ibicuruzwa kuri Forwarder.

Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yimishinga yo gutwara ibicuruzwa hamwe nu fagitire nyir'ubwato: Uhereye kumutwe, urashobora kumenya niba ari fagitire yo gutwara cyangwa gutwara ibicuruzwa.Urashobora kubwira isosiyete nini yohereza ibintu ukireba.Nka EISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, nibindi
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya fagitire nyir'ubwato bwo kwishyuza no gutwara ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa ahanini bishingiye ku ngingo zikurikira:
FNiba nta ngingo yihariye iri mu ibaruwa y'inguzanyo, B / L (HB / L) yohereza ibicuruzwa ntibyemewe.
DifferenceItandukaniro riri hagati yumushinga wo gutwara ibicuruzwa hamwe nu fagitire nyirubwato yishyuza cyane cyane mumutwe no gusinya
Uwatanze n'umukono wa fagitire nyir'ubwato yishyuza, ISBP na UCP600 ivuga neza ko yashyizweho umukono kandi igatangwa nuwitwaye, capitaine cyangwa umukozi wabo witwa, kandi umutwe wacyo ni izina ryisosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa.Amasosiyete manini atwara abantu arashobora kubimenya akirebye, nka EISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, nibindi. w'abatwara, nta nubwo bikenewe kwerekana ko ari umutwara cyangwa umukozi wa capitaine.
Hanyuma, hariho kandi fagitire rusange yo gutwara ibicuruzwa, ni fagitire rusange yo gutwara ibicuruzwa.Igihe cyose bafite umukozi ku cyambu cyerekezo cyangwa bashobora kuguza umukozi, barashobora gushyira umukono kuri ubu buryo bwo kwishyuza.Mubikorwa, nta mabwiriza akomeye agenga ubu buryo bwo kwishyuza.Nkaho kashe ya Carrier cyangwa Nkumukozi.Bamwe mubohereza ibicuruzwa ntibisanzwe.Gusubiza inyuma cyangwa kuguza mbere birashoboka.Birashoboka ko amakuru yibeshya.Abantu bashukwa byoroshye nabo bafite fagitire zinguzanyo.Nta kimenyetso cyerekana.